Which type of temporary pacing usually is used for a patient having major cardiac surgery?

a. Epicardial pacing

b. Transvenous pacing

c. Noninvasive transcutaneous pacing

d. Biventricular pacing.

Correct answer: a. Epicardial pacing is used only with cardiac surgery patients. Common postoperative complications of cardiac valve surgery and coronary artery bypass surgery include episodic sinus bradycardia, second- and third-degree heart block, and asystole.

To learn more, read the continuing education article: “The beat goes on: A pacemaker primer “