Kansas Nurse Archives

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2026 KSNA Election Candidates

The future of KSNA is shaped by the nurses who step forward to lead. We are proud to present the candidates for the Kansas State Nurses Association Board of Directors. Each candidate has shared a position statement outlining their professional…

A Final Tribute: What Nurses Should Know About the Nurses Honor Guard

Nurses provide a service needed by both the healthy and sick. Increasing complexity of medical and societal demands has been met by nurses which has led to an unwavering public trust in the profession (Dębska, et al.,2024). Bonds between nurses…

Addressing Obesity Bias: The Opportunity for Nurses to Impact Change

Introduction Obesity is a significant chronic disease affecting millions globally. Obesity is linked to a variety of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and certain cancers (Purnell, 2023). In addition to these health ramifications, obesity also underscores…

Adolescent Depression Screening: Meeting the Mark, but Missing Opportunities

Depression is one of the most common mental health issues in adolescents today and can have a direct impact on their health that continues into adulthood. The statistics on depression in children and adolescents in the U.S. illustrate the significance…

AI Meets Empathy: How Nurses Balance Tech and Touch

In 2025, nurses remain the backbone of patient advocacy, ensuring each individual’s needs and rights are respected. As healthcare systems evolve to address new challenges—technological advancements, shifting patient expectations, and persistent quality gaps—advocacy has never been more crucial. Enter artificial…

Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) encounter complex patients with co-existing medical and psychiatric conditions which present differential diagnosis challenges. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and adverse physical outcomes such as cardiovascular changes, cerebrovascular, metabolic dysregulation, visceral obesity and increased insulin resistance…

Assessment of Learning Styles for Learning Pharmacology in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program

STUDENT LEARNING STYLES are described as the ways in which students prefer to obtain, process, and retain information (Koohestan & Baghcheghi, 2020). Learning styles can change depending on the content being delivered, the teaching method, the instructor, or even the…

Capitol HILL DAY and Membership Assembly 2023

Terry Siek and Dr. Linda Adams-Wendling had the wonderful opportunity to travel to Washington, DC to represent the Kansas State Nurses Association at the 2023 Membership Assembly and to attend the 2023 Hill Day at the Capital in Washington, DC.…

Classifying AI use in writing for publication

As with nearly all fields, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in writing is controversial and evolving. Part of the challenge is a lack of taxonomy for the various ways AI can be used to prepare manuscripts for publication. The…

Comparative Analysis of Well Child Screening Rates for Depression and Adolescent Suicidality: How does Kansas compare?

ADOLESCENT SUICIDE RATES continue to rise nationally while primary care providers remain ill prepared to adequately address this trend. Curtin (2020) outlined outcome measures indicating that the rate of adolescent death by suicide has increased by 60% over the last…

Cracking the Code: Admission Criteria and Predictors of Success in Nursing Programs

This study investigated the effectiveness of traditional admission criteria in predicting first-semester success in prelicensure nursing programs. With increasing attention to fairness and accessibility in higher education, nursing programs must reassess the reliance on standardized tests and science grade point…

Effects of Spirituality on Perinatal Registered Nurses

Introduction Spirituality in nursing practice has gained attention in high-stress environments such as perinatal care. Nurses in perinatal care not only provide physical care but also support the emotional and spiritual well-being of mothers and families, particularly in bereavement cases.…

Electronic Cigarettes: Identifying College Students Using the Ask, Advise, and Refer Tobacco Cessation Model

Introduction THE RISING PREVALENCE in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage among college students is an emerging public health issue, marking a shift from traditional tobacco products to e-cigarettes (Fonseca Fuentes et al., 2019). This trend is particularly concerning due to the…

Emerging Therapies for Treatment of Postpartum Depression

PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH are two of the most exciting life events that families will experience. For one in eight individuals giving birth, however, this time that was anticipated to be beautiful and filled with happiness is plagued with feelings of…

Empowering Students Through Experiential Learning

NURSING EDUCATION has long been associated with traditional classroom learning, supplemented with instructor-led clinical situations. The constant evolution of healthcare demands a shift towards more innovative and dynamic learning opportunities. The use of experiential learning experiences challenge traditional learning by…

Enhancing Pediatric Nursing Skills Through Simulated Burn Assessments Using Tanner’s Clinical Judgement Model

The increasing complexity of healthcare necessitates that nursing students develop strong clinical judgment skills early in their education. To address this need, a hands-on, simulation-based project was introduced for Senior pediatric nursing students at a university in the Midwest. This…

Equity and Education in Healthcare Reform

HEALTH INEQUITIES were recognized as early as the 1800s, came to the forefront of politics in the 1980s Regan era (Dawes, 2016), and continue to be addressed into the future with the Department of Health and Human Services’ Healthy People…

Executive Director Quarterly Report

Vicky McGrath DNP, MBA, RN, OCN It has been a productive and engaging few months across the association with Membership Interest Group (MIG) activities, committee meetings, our annual Fall conference, and early efforts to revitalize our Kansas Association of Nursing Students…

Exploring the Opportunities and Mitigating the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education

The recent and rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have generated both excitement and concern in higher education. Opportunities for AI in nursing education can be transformative, including simulation, accessibility, and personalized learning. Just as the opportunities can be transformative,…

Factors Influencing New Graduate Nurse Employment

Introduction: In recent years, healthcare advocates have focused attention on the nursing shortage. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) workforce projections indicate a shortage of 78,610 full-time equivalent Registered Nurses (RNs) in 2025 and 63,720 RNs in 2030 (HRSA, 2022).…

Family Presence During Resuscitation in the Emergency Department

FAMILY PRESENCE DURING resuscitation (FPDR) consists of having one or more family members present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). According to the literature, family presence during resuscitation is not a consistent practice across healthcare facilities and healthcare providers seem to be…

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Screenings and Prenatal Care

Prevalence: The WHO estimates that alcohol abuse is the cause of 3 million deaths each year. Alcohol abuse in the United States affects an estimated 15 million (Oh et al., 2020). The National Birth Defects Prevention Study found that up…

Firearm Safety and Violence Prevention in Home Healthcare

Firearm violence is a significant public health issue in the United States (U.S.) (The U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory 2024). In 2022, more than 48,000 total people died from firearm-related injuries, including intentional self-inflicted, unintentional, interpersonal, legal intervention, and undetermined causes…

Fostering Nurses’ Resilience and Emotional Wellness: Applications of the PERMA Model

Challenges and stressors are common in life, and the nursing profession is no exception. Maintaining emotional wellness must be a priority for every nurse. Nurses use the nursing process, airway, breathing, circulation (ABC), disability, and NGN, recognizing cues, prioritizing hypotheses,…

Health Policy

HEALTH POLICY is essential to promote wellness and make sure that large scale health goals are met, and standards of care are upheld. As of March 2022, Kansas had the 12th highest number of suicides out of all 50 states…

Home health poses unique liability risks for nurses

Home health nurses face unique liability practice risks compared to nurses in other specialties. They not only deliver care independently, without on-site supervision, but they sometimes do so in situations where traditional clinical resources and the ability to consult with…

ICE officers in the healthcare setting: What nurses need to know

As of January 20, 2025, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents can now enter hospitals (as well as schools and churches) for enforcement actions. In the case of ICE agents in healthcare settings, nurses must follow the law while…

Improving Knowledge, Confidence, and Skills in Perinatal Bereavement Care Through Simulation in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Many baccalaureate nursing programs throughout the United States thread concepts of bereavement and end-of-life care throughout their curriculum. However, a standardized education program for nursing students that increases the knowledge, confidence level, and application of skills a nurse must possess…

Insights from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes Management During COVID-19

THE TOPIC OF CHRONIC ILLNESS management applies to all areas of nursing practice as it is well documented that individuals with pre-existing comorbidities are at a higher risk of developing acute illness and requiring subsequent hospitalization (Mahumud et al., 2020;…

Integration of LGBTQ in Nursing Education

IN THE U.S., over eleven million adults identify as LGBTQ+, and 70% report experiencing discrimination from healthcare profes-sionals (Newport, 2018; Brown et al., 2017). Current nursing curriculums allocate an average of only 2.12 hours to LGBTQ+ content (Cornelius et al.,…

Kansas Military Nursing Education Initiative

Purpose In 2017, an initiative was undertaken by Kansas nursing programs to develop a bridge program for military personnel with previous training as 68W (Army Combat Medic Specialist). The purpose of the military nursing education initiative was to accelerate and…

Kansas Nurses Association New Executive Director

Vicky McGrath DNP, MBA, RN, OCNWe are thrilled to welcome Vicky McGrath DNP, MBA, RN, OCN as the new Executive Director of the Kansas State Nurses Association (KSNA). Vicky started the position on March 10, 2025. Vicky brings a wealth…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Annual Report December 2024

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses Association I cannot believe it has already been a year as your KSNA President. It has been an honor, and I have worked with some great nurses in Kansas and several other states.…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Message

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses AssociationDEAR KSNA MEMBERS, GREETINGS! I am thrilled to be working with the KSNA Board and the dedicated nurses of Kansas. I am Laura Mallett, the newly appointed President of KSNA as of January…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Message, June 2024

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses AssociationHAPPY SPRING to the membership! We have been staying busy with the Legislative and Advocacy conference and the Day at the Capitol. I remember when we had over 400 attend the Capitol Day…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Message, September 2024

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses Association HAPPY SUMMER to the membership! I hope you are enjoying the summer and staying cool! Terry Siek, ANA Representative, Dana Erikson, Executive Director, and I were honored to attend the ANA Membership…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Update, December 2024

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses Association Angela Beddoe, ANA CEO, is asking us to help where we can the victims of the recent hurricanes in Florida and surrounding states. We have been asked to remember and support the…

Kansas Nurses Association President’s Update, May 2025

Laura Mallett, MSN, RNPresident, Kansas State Nurses Association News from the board: We met in January and held an orientation for the new board members and the President-elect. In the afternoon, we went into session to wrap up last year’s…

Kansas State Nurses Association Update

Linda Adams-Wendling, PhD., MSN, MBA, APRN, CNP, GNP-BC, NEA-BC, CNEPresident, Kansas State Nurses Association FIRST AND FOREMOST, I want to thank the KSNA Membership for the opportunity to serve as the KSNA President for the past 2 years (as of…

Kansas: The Place for Growing Families?

WHEN CONSIDERING FAMILY well-being and pregnancy risks, the March of Dimes notes “Where you live matters.” Disparities in maternal and neonatal outcomes have plagued this country for years. Kansas is no exception as these disparities and inequities have continued. Infant…

KSNA | Social Media Etiquette for Nursing Professionals

This is sponsored content and is supplied by Nurses Service Organization. The content has been reviewed by our HCM internal editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed. In today’s digital world, social media is a vital tool for connection and communication.…

KSNA Executive Director’s Message

Dana EricksonExecutive Director,Kansas State Nurses AssociationGREETINGS FELLOW KSNA MEMBERS, We are now well into the new year – I hope it is going well for you, your loved ones, friends, colleagues, and of course your patients if you have a…

KSNA Executive Director’s Message, February 2025

Dana EricksonExecutive Director,Kansas State Nurses Association Greetings, fellow KSNA members, I hope the New Year is treating you well as we welcome 2025! There are a few recent updates and changes going on at KSNA as a result of member…

KSNA Executive Director’s Message, June 2024

Dana EricksonExecutive Director,Kansas State Nurses AssociationDEAR FELLOW KSNA MEMBERS, As hard as it is to believe, summer will begin in just a few days—2024 seems to be marching on at a brisk pace! I hope you have exciting plans in…

KSNA Executive Director’s Message, September 2024

Dana EricksonExecutive Director,Kansas State Nurses AssociationGREETINGS, fellow KSNA members! I hope your summer has been delightful and full of good things. Let’s dive in to touch upon some of KSNA’s busy spring and summer highlights, ongoing efforts, and future focus:…

KSNA Leadership Messages, December 2023

KSNA President’s Message DEAR KSNA MEMBERS, Linda Adams-Wendling It is hard to believe we are already publishing another issue of the Kansas Nurse. We have collaborated with the publisher to ensure the sequencing (volume and issue) of the Kansas Nurse…

KSNA President’s Message | Nov. 2026

Linda Moody, DNP, MBA, RN As we approach the end of 2026, I find myself reflecting on both the challenges facing nursing and the incredible strength of our profession. This year has reminded me that advocacy is not simply something…

KSNA President’s Message, August 2026

Linda Moody, DNP, MBA, RN Dear KSNA Members, As we move through 2026, I want to thank each of you for your continued dedication to nursing, your patients, and your communities across Kansas. The first several months of this year…

KSNA President’s Update | Aug. 2025

Laura Mallett, MSN, RN Where did the spring go? Summer is here, and KSNA is working hard to bring you updated information and move the association into the future. I know from the meetings we have had that nursing has…

KSNA Regional Annual Reports

KSNA Region Annual Reports EAST REGION The East Region is comprised of the following leadership: Bridget Camien, President; Traci Atzenweller, Vice President; Keri Jarvis, Secretary/Treasurer; Deana Wilhoite, Member at Large; Pia Spitzer, KSNA Board Member; and Jill Kleithermes, MDS CEO.…

Language Concordant Care: Utilization of Translation Services in a Rural Kansas Critical Access Hospital

Abstract Language diversity in rural Kansas is increasing, necessitating improved communication strategies in healthcare. This quality improvement project assessed the use of an electronic translation tool following the implementation of staff education and a door graphic reminder in a 25-bed…

Learning to Lead – Empowering Nursing Students as Peer Mentors

CLINICAL EXPERIENCE is an essential component of nursing education. However, it has been documented that clinical experience generates a significant amount of anxiety for nursing students (Walker & Verklan, 2016). Nursing students in a midwestern university’s baccalaureate nursing program have…

Leveled Learning: Applying Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory in Multi-Patient Simulation

Upon completing their nursing degree, students enter clinical areas where they are expected to perform various duties, including delegating tasks and prioritizing patient care. To ensure that students are equipped with the necessary skills, the faculty identified the need to…

Meet the KSNA Board!

The strength of the Kansas State Nurses Association lies in the dedication and leadership of its Board of Directors. These committed professionals guide our association, advocate for nurses across the state, and work tirelessly to advance the nursing profession. In…

Midwest Multistate Division (MW MSD) Update

THE MW MSD has been fully implemented and successfully operating for seven years. We continue to utilize shared resources to allow your executive director to focus on increasing membership and strengthening the imprint of state nurses associations (SNAs) on nursing…

Naloxone in Schools: A Proactive Approach to Reducing Unintentional Overdose Deaths

THE OPIOID CRISIS in the United States has been at the forefront of discussion in recent years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), overdose deaths in 2021 involving synthetic opioids such as fentanyl totaled nearly 71,000,…

Navigating Medicare: A Guide for Kansas Nurses

MEDICARE IS A CRITICAL PILLAR in the vast healthcare landscape, supporting millions of Americans, including a substantial segment of Kansas’s population. For nurses across the state, understanding Medicare’s intricacies is beneficial and essential for providing comprehensive care. This guide aims…

New Report Available on the State of Nursing in Kansas

Kansas has suffered chronic shortages and occasional surpluses of nurses for many years. Severe shortages of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted how care was provided in hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, home health, public health and in schools. Employers…

Nurse Case Study: Failure to monitor high fall risk patient; failure to educate family on fall prevention

Nurse Medical Malpractice Case Study with Risk Management Strategies Presented by NSO and CNA This is sponsored content and is supplied by Nurses Service Organization. The content has been reviewed by our HCM internal editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed.…

Nurse Fatigue Creates a Dangerous Environment

Nursing fatigue costs the United States billions of dollars each year.1 Mental exhaustion can lead to mistakes, and when those mistakes affect the health and wellbeing of patients, the consequences can be devastating. Imagine a tired nurse misinterpreting a healthcare…

Nurse License Protection Case Study: Neglecting an ED patient in need of nursing care; failing to maintain an accurate healthcare information record

Nurse License Protection Case Study with Risk Management Strategies Presented by NSO This is sponsored content and is supplied by Nurses Service Organization. The content has been reviewed by our HCM internal editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed. A State…

Nurse Practitioner License Protection Case Study: Failure to Document Medication Management in Accordance with the Standard of Care

This is sponsored content and is supplied by Nurses Service Organization. The content has been reviewed by our HCM internal editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed. A STATE BOARD OF NURSING (SBON) complaint may be filed against a nurse practitioner…

Nurse Spotlight: Healthcare Documentation

This is sponsored content and is supplied by Nurses Service Organization. The content has been reviewed by our HCM internal editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed. NURSE LEGAL CASE STUDY: ABSENCE OF DOCUMENTATION IN VIOLATION OF NURSING STANDARD OF CARE…

Nursing colleagues

Vicky McGrath DNP, MBA, RN, OCN We are honored to have each one of you as part of a community of dedicated professionals who share a passion for advancing the nursing profession and improving the health of our communities. As…

Nursing education at a crossroads

The true measure of nursing education isn’t what graduates know on commencement day but who they become years later. The seeds planted in school frequently take root long after the diploma is framed. We may never know which lesson, clinical…

Nursing education, AI, and best practices

Within healthcare, AI enhances diagnostics, supports personalized treatment plans, and aids the prediction of patient outcomes using algorithms to analyze medical images and detect diseases. It also has the potential for misuse, especially within academia. To ensure AI’s proper use…

Protect yourself from secret recording

A NURSE ACCIDENTALLY DISCOVERS a recording of himself giving patient care posted on the Facebook page of a patient’s family member. Another nurse receives a notice that a State Board of Nursing complaint has been filed against her

Quality Improvement Initiative to Enhance Nurse Engagement in Antibiotic Stewardship

Nursing engagement in antibiotic stewardship has gained greater traction since the Joint Commission issued an updated policy in 2023 requiring nursing staff to be involved in their facility’s antibiotic stewardship program. The mission of an antibiotic stewardship program is to…

Questions you should ask before volunteering

VOLUNTEERING IS A GREAT WAY for nursing professionals, including registered nurses (RNs) and advanced practice nurses (APRNs), to get involved in their communities and to support causes that are important to them.

Reducing falls in hospitalized patients

Patient falls remain a serious problem in healthcare. ECRI lists “ongoing challenges with preventing falls” as one of its top 10 patient safety concerns for 2024. Consistent with previous years, falls were the most common sentinel events reported to The…

Regulation Before Behavior: Why Nursing Education Must Address the Nervous System First

In nursing education, we often talk about trauma-informed care, emotional awareness, and professional behavior. Yet in classrooms and clinical settings, many students continue to struggle with disengagement, shutdown, or reactivity. These patterns are frequently interpreted as motivation issues, attitude problems,…

Remembering Adam Tebben, Past KSNA President

THE KANSAS STATE NURSES ASSOCIATION (KSNA) expresses profound sorrow at the passing of Adam Tebben, a KSNA Member, devoted past KSNA president and former president of the National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA). Tragically, Tebben, a flight nurse, lost his life…

Selenium Supplementation and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

SUDDEN INFANT Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the leading neonatal cause of death for infants between one month and one year old. Approximately 4,000 infants annually die from unknown causes in our country. Preventing SIDS risks is an important priority for…

Smarter Every Shift: Developing a Nursing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy That Clicks

Since the emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, healthcare has faced a critical question: How can we harness the potential of this transformative technology to address the most pressing clinical challenges while navigating the risks associated with its rapid…

Social Media in Healthcare: Opportunities and Obstacles

The increasing prevalence of social media in healthcare has significantly changed how individuals acquire and understand health-related information. Unfortunately it also becomes a frequent source of misinformation. Within this rapidly evolving digital landscape, our comprehension of health literacy often struggles…

Stakeholders as a Foundational Support for Strong Nursing Curricula

Introduction A strong nursing curriculum lays the foundation for a successful nursing career. It provides knowledge, skills, and attitudes to practice safe, effective, evidence-based patient care. However, nursing knowledge, best practices, and technology are always changing. The consequences of out-of-date…

The 2026 Kansas Legislative session brought substantial changes to nursing licensure and education

House Bill 2528 requires a restructuring of the board, with all new members who must be appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. An interim board is to be appointed and confirmed starting July 1, 2026; they…

The AI Shift: How Kansas Nurses Can Embrace Technology Without Losing the Human Touch

Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer the stuff of science fiction, it’s already embedded in the fabric of everyday life, including healthcare. From voice-assisted documentation to clinical decision support systems, nurses across the nation are increasingly encountering AI-powered tools at…

The Importance of Teaching the Basics of Cannabis Therapeutics for Nurses

The recent news about cannabis being rescheduled from level I (high abuse potential, no accepted medical use) to level III (moderate/low abuse potential) has added urgency to the need to address nursing education guidelines on cannabis. In 2018 the National…

The Science of Teams

RENEWED INTEREST in implementation of state of the science interventions and treatments in healthcare settings is promoting collaboration across disciplines and institutions. This requires a change in the way we think about teams and teamwork in healthcare. Team science provides…

The Squimbly* Support Plan: Bridging Awareness, Breaking Down Barriers, and Enhancing Frontline Recognition of Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Through Education and Clinical Vigilance

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is an umbrella term for a group of thirteen connective tissue disorders that present similar symptoms, the most recognizable of which are joint hypermobility, tissue fragility, and skin hyperextensibility (Black et al., 2023a). At a basic level,…

Thriving Together: How Generation Z is Transforming Nursing Education

Working with Generation Z nurses has been both innovative and transformative. Defined as individuals born between 1997 and 2012, Generation Z brings a unique perspective to nursing, shaped by their experiences, educational background, and the global impact of the COVID-19…

Transition to Practice: Are Students Ready to Join a Disengaged Workforce?

Background EVIDENCE COLLECTED DURING the pandemic suggests the newest generation of nurses are experiencing increasing mental health issues as well as a lack of resiliency compared to previous generations (Sherman, 2021). Due to a lack of mental toughness in novice…

Transition to Practice: Are Students Ready to Join a Disengaged Workforce?

Validation of Electronically Administered Three-Question Health Literacy Screener and STOFHLA in Identifying Limited Health Literacy

Introduction LOW HEALTH LITERACY, when not identified, is associated with poor health outcomes such as unsatisfactory medication compliance, poor disease management, and increased healthcare costs. (Chew et al., 2008; Chima, Abdelaziz, Asuzu, & Beech, 2020; Nehemiah & Reinke, 2020; O’Conor,…

What Nurses Need to Know About Metadata, Documentation, and Legal Liability

This content is sponsored and supplied to American Nurse Journal by Nurses Service Organization. Content has been reviewed by ANJ editorial staff but is not peer-reviewed. What nurses need to know about metadata, documentation, and legal liability Metadata analysis of…

Workplace Harassment and Bullying in Academia

Harassment and bullying within the workplace continue to cause problems for nurses and organizations across the globe (Smith et al., 2020). Workplace harassment and bullying include treatment from individuals who knowingly use their power or position to hurt and cause…

Writing retreats for nurses: Inspiration to share

Invest in your writing skills and journey. Takeaways: Nurses can write about various topics, including evidence-based practice, patient engagement and education, quality improvement, new care approach effectiveness, clinical interests, and more. Writing retreats have become increasingly popular, and they’re associated…

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